According to the electron current flow theory, where do electrons flow from?

The electron current flow theory is based on the actual movement of electrons within a conductor. According to this theory, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. This is because electrons are negatively charged particles, and they are repelled by the negative terminal and attracted to the positive terminal. This movement creates an electric current.

In this context, it's essential to understand that while conventional current flow is often described as moving from positive to negative, the actual flow of electrons, which carry the electric charge, occurs in the opposite direction. This concept is crucial in electrical engineering and physics as it helps clarify the behavior of circuits and electrical components.

The other options do not accurately describe the fundamental principle of electron flow. While a closed circuit allows for current to flow, it doesn't address the direction of electron movement. Grounding serves a different purpose in circuits by providing a reference point for voltage and safety against electrical faults.