What does a decrease in voltage to 50% do to power consumption according to the principles of electrical theory?

In electrical theory, the relationship between voltage, current, and power can be understood using the formula for electrical power, which is given by P = V × I, where P is power, V is voltage, and I is current. When voltage is decreased to 50% of its original value, the impact on power consumption depends on how the circuit behaves.

Assuming a resistive load where resistance remains constant, if the voltage is halved, the current will also decrease. Ohm's Law states that I = V/R; therefore, if V is reduced to half and R remains the same, the current will also be halved. Consequently, when you apply this change to the power formula:

New Power, P' = (V/2) × (I/2) = (1/2) × (1/2) × (V × I) = (1/4) × P

This indicates that the new power consumption becomes 25% of the original power level when the voltage is reduced to half. Hence, the correct understanding is that power consumption decreases to 25% of the original value when voltage is decreased to 50%.