What effect can capacitors have if shorted or grounded?

Capacitors store electrical energy in an electric field, and their primary function is to release that energy when needed. If a capacitor is shorted or grounded, it creates a path of very low resistance which allows the stored energy to rapidly discharge. This sudden release of energy can lead to a high voltage and current flow, which may create an arc, especially if there's a significant amount of energy stored.

When a capacitor discharges too quickly, the resulting spark or arc can pose safety hazards by potentially damaging the circuit, initiating fires, or creating other dangerous conditions. Therefore, understanding this behavior is crucial for ensuring safe electrical designs and operations. The other choices do not accurately describe the behavior of capacitors when they are shorted or grounded, highlighting the importance of recognizing their function and the effects of electrical discharge.