What happens to input power in a transformer due to core losses?

In a transformer, input power is affected by core losses, which occur due to two primary factors: hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. These losses result from the alternating magnetic field in the core material as the transformer operates. Hysteresis losses arise when the magnetic domains within the core material are repeatedly magnetized and demagnetized, consuming energy. Eddy current losses are caused by circulating currents induced in the core material, which can also dissipate energy as heat.

Due to these core losses, not all the input power is transferred to the output, and some energy is inevitably lost in the process. As a result, the total output power at the secondary winding is less than the input power supplied to the transformer. This phenomenon highlights the importance of considering transformer efficiency and the impact of core material and design on electrical performance. Thus, the correct choice reflects the reality that some of the input power is lost to inefficiencies within the system.