What is a short circuit?

A short circuit is defined as an unintended path of low resistance that allows excessive current to flow in a circuit. This phenomenon occurs when there is a fault in the electrical path, such as damaged insulation or a connection between conductors that should not be in contact. This creates a situation where the current bypasses the normal load, leading to a surge in current flow, which can cause overheating, damage to electrical components, or even fires.

In contrast, deliberate connections to ground are implemented for safety purposes, ensuring that excess charge can safely dissipate. Design features that limit current are intentionally engineered into circuits to protect components and maintain safe operating conditions, while connections of circuits in series refer to a standard way of connecting multiple devices such that the same current flows through each component sequentially. Understanding the concept of a short circuit is crucial for recognizing and preventing dangerous electrical conditions in practical applications.