What is the primary difference between active and passive components in electrical circuits?

The primary difference between active and passive components in electrical circuits lies in their ability to supply energy. Active components, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, are capable of providing power to the circuit. This power generation is essential for operating devices that require energy to function, allowing them to amplify signals or switch currents.

On the other hand, passive components, including resistors, capacitors, and inductors, cannot supply energy to the circuit. Instead, they can only store or dissipate energy in various forms. For example, while capacitors can store energy temporarily, they rely on active components to recharge and provide that energy back into the circuit. Therefore, the distinction comes down to the role each component plays concerning energy management within the circuit.